Articolo L’altra medicina N. 117 – 07/2022
Bibliografia e note
1Donzelli A., Schivalocchi A., Giudicatti G., Non-specific effects of vaccinations in high-income setting: How to address the issue? Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2018; 14(12):2904-10.
2Intervista al prof. Giorgio Palù su LA7 (programma Primus inter pares). Cfr. https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=giorgio+palu&ru=%2fvideos%2fsearch%3fq%3dgiorgio%2bpalu%26FORM%3dHDRSC3&view
3Negro F., Is antibody-dependent enhancement playing a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis?Swiss Med Wkly. 2020; 150: w20249.
4Citro Della Riva M, Apocalisse. Li hanno lasciati morire. Byoblu Ed. 2022.
5Le quasispecievirali sono collezioni di genomi virali correlate fra loro, sottoposti a continui processi di variazioni genetiche, per selezionare le più idonee a un certo ambiente. Le mutazioni si generano nelle cellule di organismi infettati. I virus a RNA e un gran numero di virus a DNA sono entità estremamente dinamiche dovute all’incessante verificarsi di mutazioni, e in alcuni casi insieme a ricombinazione e riassortimento del segmento genomico durante la loro replicazione. In tal senso, cfr.Domingo E., Perales C., Viral Quasispecies. PLoS Genet. 2019; 15(10):e1008271. Cfr. Domingo E., Perales C., Quasispecies and virus. Eur Biophys J. 2018; 47(4):443-57.
6https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/personaggi/26609939/coronavirus-pietro-luigi-garavelli-controcorrente-mai-vaccinare-epidemia-covid-reagira-mutando.html.
7Wang R. et al., Vaccine-escape and fast-growing mutations in the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, Spain, India, and other COVID-19-devastated countries. Genomics. 2021;113(4):2158-70.
8Gandon S. et al.,Imperfect vaccines and the evolution of pathogen virulence. Nature. 2001; 414:751-6
9Bolgan L., COVID-19 – il vaccino, in www.studiesalute.it
10Per Pfizer/BioNTech: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1528.htm.
Per Moderna:
https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/2021/20210106150575/dec_150575_it.pdf.
Per AstraZeneca: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/2021/20210129150842/dec_150842_it.pdf.
Per Johnson & Johnson: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/2021/20210311151284/dec_151284_it.pdf.
Per Novavax: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/2021/20211220154520/dec_154520
11Cardozo T, Veazey R, Informed consent disclosure to vaccine trial subjects of risk of COVID-19 vaccines worsening clinical disease.Int J Clin Pract. 2020; e13795. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13795
12ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/comirnaty-epar-product-information_en.pdf. Con Novavax sono stati condotti studi di genotossicità in vitro con l’adiuvante Matrix-M e l’adiuvante si è dimostrato non genotossico. Con Spikevax, il potenziale di genotossicità per l’uomo è risultato molto basso.
13https://www.europeanconsumers.it/2020/12/18/vaccino-covid-impatto-sulla-fertilita-european-consumers-diffida-lema-laifa-e-il-governo-italiano/
https://www.europeanconsumers.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/infertilità-maschile-e-COVID-19-European-consumers.pdf
14https://www-mdpi-com.translate.goog/1467-3045/44/3/73/htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=it&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=op,sc
15https://www.nicolaporro.it/green-pass-un-gran-pasticcio-che-stronchera-leconomia/
16Alexandra Henrion-Caude, direttrice dell’Unità di Genetica del French Institute of Health and Medical Research, in un’intervista alla televisione francese ha asserito che somministrare l’mRNA a individui saniè follia inconcepibile, tenuto conto della capacità dell’RNA d’interagire con una moltitudine di molecole (https://youtu.be/Ff8UL-CS3S4).
19L’art. 2 del Decreto-legge 7 giugno 2017, n. 73 convertito in Legge 119/2017 recita: “L’avvenuta immunizzazione a seguito di malattia naturale, comprovata dalla notifica effettuata dal medico curante, ai sensi dell’articolo 1 del decreto del Ministro della Sanità 15 dicembre 1990, pubblicato nella Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 6 dell’8 gennaio 1991, ovvero dagli esiti dell’analisi sierologica, esonera dall’obbligodella relativa vaccinazione.”
20https://www.novavax.com/sites/default/files/2020-11/2019nCoV302Phase3UKVersion2FinalCleanRedacted.pdfDal Protocollo di studio Clinico del vaccino, al punto 4.2: sono esclusi i partecipanti con «Anamnesi di CoViD-19 confermata in laboratorio (mediante PCR o sierologia per SARS-CoV-2) per quanto riguarda l’infezione contratta in qualsiasi momento prima della randomizzazione».
21https://www.dgc.gov.it/web/faq.html#pguarite
22 J Immunol. 2019 Jan 15;202(2):335-340. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801149. Original Antigenic Sin: How First Exposure Shapes Lifelong Anti-Influenza Virus Immune Responses. Zhang A et al.
23Citro Della Riva M, op. cit. 2022.
24Iwasaki A et al, The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20:339-341.
25Mangge H et al, Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2—Questions and Experiences. Biomedicines 2021; 9(10):1342.
26Peng Y et al, Broad and strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19. Nat Immunol. 2020; 21:1336-45.
27Gao Q et al, Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. Science. 2020; 369:77–81.
28Citro Della Riva M, cit. 2022.
29 Olliaro P et al, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness – the elephant (not) in the room. The Lancet. 2021; 2(7):279-280.
30Doshi P, Covid-19 vaccine trial protocols released. BMJ. 2020; 371:m4058.
31Doshi P, Will covid-19 vaccine save lives? Current trials aren’t designed to tell us. BMJ. 2020; 371:m4037.
33https://www.fda.gov/media/152176/download.
34BuždyganT. et al., The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol Dis. 2020; 146:105131.
35Filosto M. et al., Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19: an observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions.BMJ. 2020; 92(7):751.
37Smith C. et al., Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year. Nat Med. 2021. DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01578-1.
40https://co-meta.eu/docs/Co_META.pdf
41https://www.fda.gov/media/134922/download
44Giannis D. et al., Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127:104362.
45Anirudhan V. et al., Targeting SARS-CoV-2 viral proteases as a therapeutic strategy to treat COVID-19. J med Virol. 2021; 93(5):2722-34.
46Ng K. H. L. et al., Pulmonary artery thrombosis in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Postgrad Med J. 2005; 81:e3. Cfr. Umapathi T. et al., Large artery ischaemic stroke in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Neurol. 2004; 251:1227–1231. Cfr. Lang Z. et al., Pathological study on severe acute respiratory syndrome. Chin Med J. 2003; 116:976–80. Cfr. Wong R. S. M. et al., Haematological manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: retrospective analysis. BMJ. 2003; 326:1358–62. Cfr. Yang M. et al., The effect of SARS coronavirus on blood system: its clinical findings and the pathophysiologic hypothesis. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2003; 11:217–21. Cfr. Nicholls J. M. et al., Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome. The Lancet. 2003; 361:1773-8. Cfr. Ding Y. et al., The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China. J Pathol. 2003; 200:282–9. Cfr. Xiang-hua Y. et al., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Venous Thromboembolism in Multiple Organs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 182:436–7.
47Singh S. K., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus Pathogenesis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016; 37:572–7. Cfr. Al-Abdallat M. M. et al., Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Serologic, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Description. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2014; 59:1225–33. Cfr. Li K. Et al., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Causes Multiple Organ Damage and Lethal Disease in Mice Transgenic for Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4.J Infect Dis. 2016; 213:712–22.
48Schiavi G., Luigi Cavanna, un medico in famiglia Ha salvato i pazienti, casa per casa, Corriere della Sera, 18/05/2020, in https://www.corriere.it/buone-notizie/20_maggio_19/luigi-cavanna-medico-famiglia-ha-salvato-pazienti-casa-casa-ef797b68-990a-11ea-8e5b-51a0b6bd4de9.shtml.
50Cheng Y. et al., Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005;24(1):44-6.
51Hung I. F. et al., Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza a (H1N1) 2009 virus infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011; 52(4):447–56.
52Da Costa C. et al., COVID-19 and Hyperimmune sera: A feasible plan B to fight against coronavirus.Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 90: 107220. Cfr. Fischer J. C. et al., The role of passive immunization in the age of SARS-CoV-2: an update. Eur J Med Res. 2020; 25(1):16. Cfr. Brown B. L., McCullough J., Treatment for emerging viruses: Convalescent plasma and COVID-19. Transfus Apher Sci. 2020;102790.
53Kumar P. et al., Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19.Mol Cell Biochem, 2020; DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03924-2.
54Tonn T. et al., Stability and neutralizing capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in convalescent plasma, Lancet Microbe, 2020, 1(2): e63.
55Perotti C., Baldanti F., De Donno G. et al., Mortality reduction in 46 patients with severe COVID-19 treated with hyperimmune plasma. A proof-of-concept, single-arm, multicenter trial. Haematologica. 2020; 105(12): 261784.
56Shen C. et al., Treatment of 5 Critically III Patients with COVID-19 with Convalescent Plasma.JAMA 2020; 323 (16): 1582-9. Cfr. Zeng Q. L. et al., Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Viral Shedding in COVID-19 Patients. J Infect Dis. 2020; jiaa228.
57Gniadek T. J. et al., SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and serology testing of COVID-19 convalescent plasma from donors with nonsevere disease.Pubblicato online il 2/10/2020. DOI: 10.1111/trf.16101
58Rojas M. et al., Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action.Autoimmun Rev. 2020;102554
59Wen Shi Lee et al., cit. 2020.
60Duan K. et al., Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. PNAS, USA. 2020;202004168.
61Wang L. et al.,Antibodies with potent and broad neutralizing activity against antigenically diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. bioRxiv. Preprint. 2021 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.25.432969.
63Consenso informato per uno sperimentale protocollo COVID A CASA, allegato alle informative degli Assessorati Regionali ai Medici convenzionati con il SSN.
64Spagnolo S., Covid-19 as a Cause of Pneumonia and Diffuse Peripheral Pulmonary Embolism. Early Anticoagulant Treatment to Prevent Thrombi Formation. J Cardiol Res Rev Rep. 2020; 1(2):1-3
66https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/clinical-management-of-covid-19
67https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-gives-advice-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatories-covid-19
68https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng163/chapter/5-Managing-fever
69Sestili P., Fimognari C., Paracetamol-induced glutathione consumption: Is there a link with severe COVID-19 illness? Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:579944.
70Mandeep R. M. et al., Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis, Lancet, 2020, 6736(20)31180-6. Cfr. Mandeep R. Mehra, Sapan S. D., SreyRamK. , Timothy D. H., Patel A. N., Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621.
71Virus, Guardian accusa: “OMS e governi hanno agito sui dati taroccati di un’azienda sconosciuta”, Il Messaggero, 6/6/2020.
72Retraction: Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19.N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621.
73Casadei C. L., 25/5/20, in www.msm.com/it-it/notizie/other/lorganizzazione-mondiale-della-sanita-c3-a0-dice–stop-ai-test-con-idrossiclorochina/ar-BB14zArM
74AIFA, Idrossiclorochina nella terapia dei pazienti adulti con COVID-19. Update del 25 novembre 2020 (precedenti pubblicazioni: 2/4/20, 29/4/20, 29/5/20, 22/7/20).
75Ordinanza del Consiglio di Stato dell’11 dicembre 2020 – IppocrateOrg
77Citro Della Riva M, cit. 2022.
78Gazzetta Ufficiale – Serie generale – n. 130 del 7 giugno 2017.
79https://investors.biontech.de/node/11931/html
80Corman V. M. et al.,Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR, Eurosurveillance, 25 (8) 2020, in www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045: Prima del rilascio pubblico delle sequenze di virus dai casi di 2019-nCoV, ci siamo basati sui rapporti sui social media che annunciavano il rilevamento di un virus simile alla SARS. Abbiamo quindi ipotizzato che un CoV correlato alla SARS fosse coinvolto nell’epidemia. Abbiamo scaricato tutte le frequenze di virus correlate alla SARS complete e parziali (se>400 nt) disponibili su GenBank entro il primo gennaio 2020.
81https://lanuovabq.it/it/niente-cure-balzo-dei-ricoveri-ci-sono-altre-priorita
82Jiang S., Don’t rush to deploy COVID-19 vaccines and drugs without sufficient safety guarantees. Nature. 2020;579(7799):321. Cfr. Subramanian S., ‘It’s a razor’s edge we’re walking’: inside the race to develop a coronavirus vaccine. The Guardian. 2020 Mar 27.
83https://www.fda.gov/media/142749/download
